ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及27准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

what he could not find himself��how he went body´snatching and gibbet´ 

robbing�察  �often   at   the   danger   of   his   life�察  �as   when   he   and   his   friend   were 

nearly   torn   to   pieces   by   the   cannibal   dogs   who   haunted   the   Butte   de 

Montfaucon�察  �or   place   of   public   execution��how   he   acquired�察  �by   a   long 

and dangerous process�察�the only perfect skeleton then in the world�察�and the 

hideous   story   of   the   robber   to   whom   it   had   belongedall   these   horrors 

those   who   list   may   read   for   themselves   elsewhere。         I   hasten   past   them 

with this remarkthat to have gone through the toils�察�dangers�察�and disgusts 

which Vesalius faced�察�argued in a superstitious and cruel age like his�察�no 

mon physical and moral courage�察�and a deep conscience that he was 

doing right�察�and must do it at all risks in the face of a generation which�察�

peculiarly   reckless   of   human   life   and   human   agony�察  �allowed   that   frame 

which   it   called   the   image   of   God   to   be   tortured�察  �maimed�察  �desecrated   in 

every     way     while    alive�察   �and    yetstraining     at   the   gnat    after   having 

swallowed the camelforbade it to be examined when dead�察�though for the 

purpose of alleviating the miseries of mankind。 

     The   breaking   out   of   war   between   Francis   I。   and   Charles   V。   drove 

Vesalius back to his native country and Louvain�察�and in 1535 we hear of 



                                                  80 


´ Page 81´

                                    Historical Lectures and Essays 



him   as    a  surgeon     in  Charles     V。's  army。    He     saw�察  �most    probably�察    �the 

Emperor's   invasion   of   Provence�察  �and   the   disastrous   retreat   from   before 

Montmorency's fortified camp at Avignon�察�through a country in which that 

crafty general had destroyed every article of human food�察�except the half´ 

ripe grapes。      He saw�察�perhaps�察�the Spanish soldiers�察�poisoned alike by the 

sour fruit and by the blazing sun�察�falling in hundreds along the white roads 

which led back into Savoy�察�murdered by the peasantry whose homesteads 

had     been    destroyed�察    �stifled   by   the   weight     of   their   own    armour�察    �or 

desperately   putting       themselves�察     �with   their   own    hands�察   �out   of  a  world 

which had bee intolerable。               Half the army perished。           Two thousand 

corpses   lay   festering   between Aix   and   Frejus   alone。          If   young   Vesalius 

needed ;subjects�察─�the   ambition   and   the crime   of   man   found   enough for 

him in those blazing September days。 

     He   went   to   Italy�察  �probably   with   the   remnants   of   the   army。      Where 

could   he     have   rather   wished     to  find   himself�拭     �He    was    at  last  in  the 

country where the human mind seemed to be growing young once more�察�

the   country   of   revived   arts�察  �revived   sciences�察  �learning�察  �languages�察  �and 

though�察�alas� �only for awhile of revived free thought�察�such as Europe had 

not   seen   since   the   palmy   days   of   Greece。       Here   at   least   he   would   be 

appreciated�察�here at least he would be allowed to think and speak�此                         �and 

he was appreciated。          The Italian cities�察�who were then�察�like the Athenians 

of    old�察  �spending      their   time    in  nothing     else   save   to   hear   or  to   tell 

something   new�察─  �weled   the   brave   young   Fleming   and   his   novelties。 

Within   two   years   he   was   professor   of   anatomy   at   Padua�察  �then   the   first 

school in the world�察�then at Bologna and at Pisa at the same time�察�last of 

all at Venice�察�where Titian painted that portrait of him which remains unto 

this day。 

     These   years   were   for      him   a   continual    triumph�察  �everywhere�察  �as        he 

demonstrated on   the   human   body�察 �students   crowded his   theatre�察�or   hung 

round him as he walked the streets�察�professors left their own chairstheir 

scholars      having     deserted     them    alreadyto     go    and   listen   humbly      or 

enviously to the man who could give them what all brave souls throughout 



                                                  81 


´ Page 82´

                                    Historical Lectures and Essays 



half   Europe   were   craving   for�察  �and   craving   in   vainfacts。       And   so�察  �year 

after    year�察   �was    realised     that   scene    which      stands    engraved      in   the 

frontispiece   of   his   great   bookwhere�察        �in   the   little   quaint  Cinquecento 

theatre�察�saucy scholars�察�reverend doctors�察�gay gentlemen�察�and even cowled 

monks�察     �are   crowding      the   floor�察  �peeping     over    each   other's    shoulders�察�

hanging on the balustrades�察�while in the centre�察�over his ;subject;which 

one     of  those    same    cowled      monks     knew     but   too   wellstands      young 

Vesalius�察�upright�察�proud�察�almost defiant�察�as one who knows himself safe in 

the impregnable   citadel   of   fact�察  �and   in   his   hand   the   little   blade   of   steel�察�

destinedbecause wielded   in obedience to   the laws   of nature�察 �which   are 

the   laws   of   Godto   work   more   benefit   for   the   human   race   than   all   the 

swords   which   were drawn   in   those days�察 �or   perhaps   in   any  other�察 �at the 

bidding of most Catholic Emperors and most Christian Kings。 

     Those were indeed days of triumph for Vesalius�察�of triumph deserved�察�

because      earned    by   patient    and    accurate    toil  in   a  good    cause�此      �but 

Vesalius�察�being but a mortal man�察�may have contracted in those same days 

a temper of imperiousness and self´conceit�察�such as he showed afterwards 

when   his   pupil   Fallopius   dared   to   add   fresh   discoveries   to   those   of   his 

master。     And yet�察�in spite of all Vesalius knew�察�how little he knew�                    �How 

humbling to his pride it would have been had he known thenperhaps he 

does know nowthat he had actually again and again walked�察�as it were�察�

round   and   round   the  true   theory  of   the  circulation   of  the   blood�察 �and   yet 

never seen it�察�that that discovery which�察�once made�察�is intelligible�察�as far as 

any   phenomenon   is   intelligible�察  �to   the   merest   peasant�察  �was   reserved   for 

another     century�察   �and    for  one    of  those   Englishmen       on   whom      Vesalius 

would have looked as semi´barbarians。 

     To make a long story short�此             �three years after the publication of his 

famous      book�察    �De    Corporis     Humani      Fabrica�察─    �he   left  Venice    to  cure 

Charles      V。�察 �at   Regensburg�察      �and   became      one    of   the  great    Emperor's 

physicians。 

     This   was   the   crisis   of   Vesalius's   life。  The   medicine   with   which   he 

had worked the cure was ChinaSarsaparilla�察�as we call it now brought 



                                                  82 


´ Page 83´

                                    Historical Lectures and Essays 



home from the then newly´discovered banks of the Paraguay and Uruguay�察�

where   its   beds   of   tangled   vine�察  �they   say�察  �tinge   the   clear   waters   a   dark´ 

brown   like   that   of   peat�察  �and   convert   whole   streams   into   a   healthful   and 

pleasant tonic。       On the virtues of this China ��then supposed to be a root�� 

Vesalius wrote a famous little book�察�into which he contrived to interweave 

his opinions on things in general�察�as good Bishop Berkeley did afterwards 

into    his  essay    on   the   virtues   of  tar´water。     Into    this  book�察   �however�察�

Vesalius introducedas Bishop Berkeley did notmuch�察�and perhaps too 

much�察�about himself�察�and much�察�though perhaps not too much�察�about poor 

old Galen�察�and his substitution of a
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺