ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及40准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

early    days�察  �is  too   notorious�察   �and    there   remains    proof    enoughin     the 

writings�察    �for  instance�察   �of  Sir  David     Lindsaythat     the   morality    of  the 

populace�察�which looked up to the nobles as its example and its guide�察�was 

not    a  whit    better。   As     anarchy    increased�察    �immorality      was   likely   to 

increase likewise�察�and Scotland was in serious danger of falling into such a 

state as that into which Poland fell�察�to its ruin�察�within a hundred and fifty 

years   after�察  �in   which   the   savagery   of   feudalism�察  �without   its   order   or   its 



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chivalry�察     �would     be    varnished      over    by    a   thin   coating     of   French 

;civilisation�察─  �and�察  �as   in   the   case   of   Bothwell�察  �the   vices   of   the   court   of 

Paris   should   be   added   to   those   of   the   Northern   freebooter。   To   deliver 

Scotland from that ruin�察�it was needed that she should be united into one 

people�察�strong�察�not in mere political�察�but in moral ideas�察�strong by the clear 

sense     of   right   and   wrong�察    �by   the  belief    in  the   government       and   the 

judgments   of   a living   God。       And   the  tone   which   Buchanan�察  �like   Knox�察�

adopted   concerning   the   great        crimes   of   their   day�察  �helped    notably   that 

national     salvation。     It   gathered     together�察   �organised�察    �strengthened�察     �the 

scattered and wavering elements of public morality。                   It assured the hearts 

of all men who loved the right and hated the wrong�察�and taught a whole 

nation to call acts by their just names�察�whoever might be the doers of them。 

It appealed to the mon conscience of men。                    It proclaimed a universal 

and God´given morality�察�a bar at which all�察�from the lowest to the highest�察�

must alike be judged。 

     The   tone   was   stern�此     �but   there   was   need   of   sternness。    Moral   life 

and death were in the balance。              If the Scots people were to be told that 

the    crimes    which    roused     their  indignation     were    excusable�察    �or  beyond 

punishment�察�or to be hushed up and slipped over in any way�察�there was an 

end of morality among them。               Every man�察�from the greatest to the least�察�

would go and do likewise�察�according to his powers of evil。                     That method 

was being tried in France�察�and in Spain likewise�察�during those very years。 

Notorious   crimes   were   hushed   up   under   pretence   of   loyalty�察  �excused   as 

political necessities�察�smiled away as natural and pardonable  weaknesses。 

The result was the utter demoralisation�察�both of France and Spain。                       Knox 

and Buchanan�察�the one from the standpoint of an old Hebrew prophet�察�the 

other rather from that of a Juvenal or a Tacitus�察�tried the other method�察�and 

called acts by their just names�察�appealing alike to conscience and to God。 

The   result   was   virtue   and   piety�察  �and   that   manly   independence   of   soul 

which   is   thought   patible   with   hearty   loyalty�察  �in   a   country   labouring 

under   heavy  disadvantages�察  �long   divided   almost   into   two   hostile   camps�察�

two rival races。 



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     And   the   good   influence   was   soon   manifest�察  �not   only   in   those   who 

sided with Buchanan and his friends�察�but in those who most opposed them。 

The     Roman      Catholic    preachers�察    �who    at  first  asserted    Mary's    right   to 

impurity   while   they   allowed   her   guilt�察  �grew   silent   for   shame�察  �and   set 

themselves       to  assert   her   entire   innocence�察    �while    the   Scots   who     have 

followed their example have�察�to their honour�察�taken up the same ground。 

They have fought Buchanan on the ground of fact�察�not on the ground of 

morality�此        �they    have    allegedas      they   had    a  fair   right   to  dothe 

probability      of   intrigue    and    forgery    in   an   age   so   profligate�此       �the 

improbability       that   a  Queen     so   gifted   by   nature    and   by   fortune�察   �and 

confessedly for a long while so strong and so spotless�察�should as it were by 

a   sudden   insanity   have   proved   so   untrue   to   herself。     Their   noblest   and 

purest     sympathies      have    been   enlistedand      who    can   blame     them��in 

loyalty to a Queen�察�chivalry to a woman�察�pity for the unfortunate andas 

they conceivedthe innocent�察�but whether they have been right or wrong 

in their view of facts�察�the Scotch partisans of Mary have alwaysas far as I 

know   been   right   in   their   view   of   morals�察  �they   have   never   deigned   to 

admit Mary's guilt�察�and then to palliate it by those sentimental�察�or rather 

sensual�察  �theories   of   human   nature�察  �too   mon   in   a   certain   school   of 

French literature�察�too mon�察�alas� �in a certain school of modern English 

novels。      They  have   not   said�察   �She did   it�察  �but   after   all�察  �was the   deed   so 

very inexcusable�拭─         �They have said�察 �The deed was inexcusable�此                    �but 

she   did   not   do   it。;  And     so   the   Scotch   admirers   of   Mary�察  �who       have 

numbered among them many a pure and noble�察�as well as many a gifted 

spirit�察�have kept at least themselves unstained�察�and have shown�察�whether 

consciously or not�察�that they too share in that sturdy Scotch moral sense 

which has been so much strengthenedas I believe by the plain speech of 

good old George Buchanan。 



     Footnotes�此�

     ��1��     This lecture was delivered in America in 1874。 

     ��2��        Black�察      �translator     of    Mallett's      ;Northern       Antiquities�察─�



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Supplementary Chapter I。�察�and Rafn's ;Antiquitates Americanae。; 

     ��3��    On the Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz。 

     ��4��    This lecture was given in America in 1874。 

     ��5��    This lecture was given in America in 1874。 

     ��6��     This lecture and the two preceding ones�察�being published after 

the author's death�察�have not had the benefit of his corrections。 

     ��7��    A Life of Rondelet�察�by his pupil Laurent Joubert�察�is to be found 

appended to his works�察�and with an account of his illness and death�察�by his 

cousin�察�Claude Formy�察�which is well worth the perusal of any man�察�wise or 

foolish。     Many      interesting   details   beside�察   �I  owe   to   the  courtesy    of 

Professor Planchon�察�of Montpellier�察�author of a discourse on ;Rondelet et 

vies Disciples�察─�which appeared�察�with a learned and curious Appendix�察�in 

the ;Montpellier Medical; for 1866。 

     ��8��    This lecture was given at Cambridge in 1869。 

     ��9��    This lecture was given at Cambridge in 1869。 

     ��10��     I owe this account of Bloet'swhich appears to me the only one 

trustworthyto the courtesy and erudition of Professor Henry Morley�察�who 

finds     it  quoted     from    Bloet's    ;Acroama�察─      �in   the   ;Observationum 

Medicarum Rariorum�察─  �lib。  vii。�察 �of John Theodore   Schenk。               Those   who 

wish to know several curious passages of Vesalius's life�察�which I have not 

inserted in this article�察�would do well to consult one by Professor Morley�察�

;Anatomy in Long Clothes�察─�in ;Fraser's Magazine; for November�察�1853。 

May I express a hope�察�which I am sure will be shared by all who have read 

Professor     Morley's     biographies     of   Jerome    Carden     and   of   Cornelius 

Agrippa�察�that he will find leisure to return to the study of Vesalius's life�察�

and will d
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺