the manifold as the condition of the unity of its consciousness； an
act of which the human understanding； which thinks only and cannot
intuite； has absolute need。 But this principle is the first
principle of all the operations of our understanding； so that we
cannot form the least conception of any other possible
understanding； either of one such as should be itself intuition； or
possess a sensuous intuition； but with forms different from those of
space and time。
What Objective Unity of Self…consciousness is。 SS 14
It is by means of the transcendental unity of apperception that
all the manifold； given in an intuition is united into a conception of
the object。 On this account it is called objective； and must be
distinguished from the subjective unity of consciousness； which is a
determination of the internal sense； by means of which the said
manifold in intuition is given empirically to be so united。 Whether
I can be empirically conscious of the manifold as coexistent or as
successive； depends upon circumstances； or empirical conditions。 Hence
the empirical unity of consciousness by means of association of
representations； itself relates to a phenomenal world and is wholly
contingent。 On the contrary； the pure form of intuition in time；
merely as an intuition； which contains a given manifold； is subject to
the original unity of consciousness； and that solely by means of the
necessary relation of the manifold in intuition to the 〃I think；〃
consequently by means of the pure synthesis of the understanding；
which lies a priori at the foundation of all empirical synthesis。
The transcendental unity of apperception is alone objectively valid；
the empirical which we do not consider in this essay； and which is
merely a unity deduced from the former under given conditions in
concreto； possesses only subjective validity。 One person connects
the notion conveyed in a word with one thing； another with another
thing； and the unity of consciousness in that which is empirical；
is； in relation to that which is given by experience； not
necessarily and universally valid。
The Logical Form of all Judgements consists in the Objective
Unity of Apperception of the Conceptions
contained therein。 SS 15
I could never satisfy myself with the definition which logicians
give of a judgement。 It is； according to them； the representation of a
relation between two conceptions。 I shall not dwell here on the
faultiness of this definition； in that it suits only for categorical
and not for hypothetical or disjunctive judgements； these latter
containing a relation not of conceptions but of judgements themselves…
a blunder from which many evil results have followed。* It is more
important for our present purpose to observe； that this definition
does not determine in what the said relation consists。
*The tedious doctrine of the four syllogistic figures concerns
only categorical syllogisms； and although it is nothing more than an
artifice by surreptitiously introducing immediate conclusions
（consequentiae immediatae） among the premises of a pure syllogism；
to give ism' give rise to an appearance of more modes of drawing a
conclusion than that in the first figure； the artifice would not
have had much success； had not its authors succeeded in bringing
categorical judgements into exclusive respect； as those to which all
others must be referred… a doctrine； however； which； according to SS
5； is utterly false。
But if I investigate more closely the relation of given cognitions
in every judgement； and distinguish it； as belonging to the
understanding； from the relation which is produced according to laws
of the reproductive imagination （which has only subjective
validity）； I find that judgement is nothing but the mode of bringing
given cognitions under the objective unit of apperception。 This is
plain from our use of the term of relation is in judgements； in
order to distinguish the objective unity of given representations from
the subjective unity。 For this term indicates the relation of these
representations to the original apperception； and also their necessary
unity； even although the judgement is empirical； therefore contingent；
as in the judgement： 〃All bodies are heavy。〃 I do not mean by this；
that these representations do necessarily belong to each other in
empirical intuition； but that by means of the necessary unity of
appreciation they belong to each other in the synthesis of intuitions；
that is to say； they belong to each other according to principles of
the objective determination of all our representations； in so far as
cognition can arise from them； these principles being all deduced from
the main principle of the transcendental unity of apperception。 In
this way alone can there arise from this relation a judgement； that
is； a relation which has objective validity； and is perfectly distinct
from that relation of the very same representations which has only
subjective validity… a relation； to wit； which is produced according
to laws of association。 According to these laws； I could only say：
〃When I hold in my hand or carry a body； I feel an impression of
weight〃； but I could not say： 〃It； the body； is heavy〃； for this is
tantamount to saying both these representations are conjoined in the
object； that is； without distinction as to the condition of the
subject； and do not merely stand together in my perception； however
frequently the perceptive act may be repeated。
All Sensuous Intuitions are subject to the Categories； as
Conditions under which alone the manifold Content of
them can be united in one Consciousness。 SS 16
The manifold content given in a sensuous intuition es necessarily
under the original synthetical unity of apperception； because
thereby alone is the unity of intuition possible （SS 13）。 But that act
of the understanding； by which the manifold content of given
representations （whether intuitions or conceptions） is brought under
one apperception； is the logical function of judgements （SS 15）。 All
the manifold； therefore； in so far as it is given in one empirical
intuition； is determined in relation to one of the logical functions
of judgement； by means of which it is brought into union in one
consciousness。 Now the categories are nothing else than these
functions of judgement so far as the manifold in a given intuition
is determined in relation to them （SS 9）。 Consequently； the manifold
in a given intuition is necessarily subject to the categories of the
understanding。
Observation。 SS 17
The manifold in an intuition； which I call mine； is represented by
means of the synthesis of the understanding； as belonging to the
necessary unity of self…consciousness； and this takes place by means
of the category。* The category indicates accordingly that the
empirical consciousness of a given manifold in an intuition is subject
to a pure self…consciousness a priori； in the same manner as an
empirical intuition is subject to a pure sensuous intuition； which
is also a priori。 In the above proposition； then； lies the beginning
of a deduction of the pure conceptions of the understanding。 Now； as
the categories have their origin in the understanding alone；
independently of sensibility； I must in my deduction make
abstraction of the mode in which the manifold of an empirical
intuition is given； in order to fix my attention exclusively on the
unity which is brought by the understanding into the intuition by
means of the category。 In what follows （SS 22）； it will be shown； from
the mode in which the empirical intuition is given in the faculty of
sensibility； that the unity which belongs to it is no other than
that which the category （according to SS 16） imposes on the manifold
in a given intuition； and thus； its a priori validity in regard to all
objects of sense being established； the purpose of our deduction
will be fully attained。
*The proof of this rests on the represented unity of intuition； by
means of which an object is given； and which always includes in itself
a synthesis of the manifold to be intuited； and also the relation of
th