ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及24准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

set   up   a   white   marble   slab�察  �and   an   inscription   thereon   setting   forth   his 

learning   and   his     virtues�察  �and   epitaphs   on    him   were     posed   by   the 

learned   throughout   Europe�察  �not   only   in   French   and   Latin�察  �but   in   Greek�察�

Hebrew�察�and even Chaldee。 

     So lived and so died a noble man�察�more noble�察�to my mind�察�than many 

a victorious warrior�察�or successful statesman�察�or canonised saint。 To know 

facts�察�and to heal diseases�察�were the two objects of his life。                  For them he 

toiled�察 �as   few  men   have   toiled�察  �and   he   died   in   harness�察 �at   his   workthe 

best death any man can die。 



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      VESALIUS THE ANATOMIST ��9�� 



     I   cannot   begin   a   sketch   of   the   life   of   this   great   man   better   than   by 

trying   to   describe   a   scene   so   picturesque�察  �so   tragic   in   the   eyes   of   those 

who are wont to mourn over human follies�察�so ic in the eyes of those 

who prefer to laugh over them�察�that the reader will not be likely to forget 

either it or the actors in it。 

     It   is   a   darkened   chamber   in the   College of Alcala�察  �in   the   year   1562�察�

where lies�察�probably in a huge four´post bed�察�shrouded in stifling hangings�察�

the   heir´apparent   of   the   greatest   empire   in   the   then   world�察  �Don   Carlos�察�

only son of Philip II。 and heir´apparent of Spain�察�the Netherlands�察�and all 

the   Indies。     A  short   sickly   boy   of   sixteen�察  �with   a   bull   head�察  �a   crooked 

shoulder�察  �a   short   leg�察  �and   a   brutal   temper�察  �he   will   not   be   missed   by   the 

world if he should die。 His profligate career seems to have brought its own 

punishment。        To   the   scandal   of   his   father�察  �who   tolerated   no   one's   vices 

save   his   own�察  �as   well   as   to   the   scandal   of   the   university   authorities   of 

Alcala�察�he has been scouring the streets at the head of the most profligate 

students�察�insulting women�察�even ladies of rank�察�and amenable only to his 

lovely   young   stepmother�察  �Elizabeth   of   Valois�察  �Isabel   de   la   Paz�察  �as   the 

Spaniards call her�察�the daughter of Catherine do Medicis�察�and sister of the 

King of France。         Don Carlos should have married her�察�had not his worthy 

father found it more advantageous for the crown of Spain�察�as well as more 

pleasant     for   him�察  �Philip�察  �to   marry    her   himself。     Whence       came    heart´ 

burnings�察�rage�察�jealousies�察�romances�察�calumnies�察�of which two lastin as 

far at least as they concern poor Elizabethno wise man now believes a 

word。 

     Going   on   some   errand   on   which   he   had   no   businessthere   are   two 

stories�察�neither of them creditable nor necessary to repeatDon Carlos has 

fallen   downstairs   and   broken   his   head。         He   es�察  �by   his   Portuguese 

mother's side�察�of a house deeply tainted with insanity�察�and such an injury 



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may have serious consequences。               However�察�for nine days the wound goes 

on well�察�and Don Carlos�察�having had a wholesome fright�察�is�察�according to 

Doctor   Olivarez�察  �the   medico   de   camara�察  �a   very   good   lad�察  �and   lives   on 

chicken broth and dried plums。             But on the tenth day es on numbness 

of the left side�察�acute pains in the head�察�and then gradually shivering�察�high 

fever�察  �erysipelas。      His   head   and   neck   swell   to   an   enormous   size�察  �then 

es raging delirium�察�then stupefaction�察�and Don Carlos lies as one dead。 

     A  modern   surgeon   would�察 �probably�察  �thanks   to   that   training   of   which 

Vesalius   may   be      almost   called    the   father�察  �have   had   little   difficulty   in 

finding out what was the matter with the luckless lad�察�and little difficulty 

in   removing       the  evil�察  �if  it  had   not   gone    too   far。   But    the   Spanish 

physicians were then�察�as many of them are said to be still�察�as far behind the 

world in surgery as in other things�察�and indeed surgery itself was then in 

its infancy�察�because men�察�ever since the early Greek schools of Alexandria 

had   died   out�察  �had   been   for   centuries   feeding   their   minds   with   anything 

rather    than    with   facts。    Therefore      the   learned    morosophs       who     were 

gathered round Don Carlos's sick bed had bee according to their own 

confession�察�utterly confused�察�terrified�察�and at their wits' end。 

     It is the 7th of May�察�the eighteenth day after the accident according to 

Olivarez's      story�此    �he    and   Dr   Vega    have    been    bleeding    the   unhappy 

prince�察�enlarging the wound twice�察�and torturing him seemingly on mere 

guesses。      ;I believe�察─�says Olivarez�察 �that all was done well�此                   �but as I 

have said�察�in wounds in the head there are strange labyrinths。;                    So on the 

7th   they   stand   round   the   bed   in   despair。     Don   Garcia   de   Toledo�察  �the 

prince's faithful governor�察�is sitting by him�察�worn out with sleepless nights�察�

and trying to supply to the poor boy that mother's tenderness which he has 

never known。 Alva�察�too�察�is there�察�stern�察�self´pressed�察�most terrible�察�and 

yet most beautiful。        He has a God on earth�察�and that is Philip his master�察�

and though he has borne much from Don Carlos already�察�and will have to 

bear more�察�yet the wretched lad is to him as a son of God�察�a second deity�察�

who   will   by   right   divine   succeed   to   the   inheritance   of   the   first�察  �and   he 

watches      this   lesser   deity   struggling     between      life  and   death    with    an 



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intensity of which we�察�in these less loyal days�察�can form no notion。                       One 

would   be   glad   to   have   a   glimpse   of   what   passed   through   that   mind�察  �so 

subtle and so ruthless�察�so disciplined and so loyal withal�此                   �but Alva was 

a man who was not given to speak his mind�察�but to act it。 

     One would wish�察�too�察�for a glimpse of what was passing through the 

mind of another man�察�who has been daily in that sick chamber�察�according 

to Olivarez's statement�察�since the first of the month�此�but he is one who has 

had�察�for some years past�察�even more reason than Alva for not speaking his 

mind。      What   he   looked   like   we   know   well�察  �for   Titian   has   painted   him 

from the lifea tall�察�bold�察�well´ dressed man�察�with a noble brain�察�square 

and yet lofty�察�short curling locks and beard�察�an eye which looks as though 

it feared neither man nor fiendand it has had good reason to fear both 

and   features   which   would   be   exceeding   handsome�察  �but   for   the   defiant 

snub´nose。 That is Andreas Vesalius�察�of Brussels�察�dreaded and hated by the 

doctors of the old schoolsuspect�察�moreover�察�it would seem to inquisitors 

and   theologians�察  �possibly   to   Alva   himself�察  �for   he   has   dared   to   dissect 

human bodies�察�he has insulted the mediaevalists at Paris�察�Padua�察�Bologna�察�

Pisa�察  �Venice�察  �in   open   theatre�察  �he   has   turned   the   heads   of   all   the   young 

surgeons in Italy and France�察�he has written a great book�察�with prints in it�察�

designed�察     �some     say�察  �by   Titianthey     were     actually    done    by   another 

Netherlander�察�John of Calcar�察�near Clevesin which he has dared to prove 

that    Galen's    anatomy      was   at  fault   throughout�察     �and   that   he  had    been 

describing   a   monkey's   inside   when   he   had   pretended   to   be   descr
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺