ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及32准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

Erasmus's friend�察�at Basle�察�when the doctors were going to cut his leg off。 

His fame spread far and wide。           Round Basle and away into Alsace he was 

looked on�察�even an enemy says�察�as a new AEsculapius。 

     But these were days in which in a university everyone was expected to 

talk and teach�察�and so Paracelsus began lecturing�察�and then the weakness 

which was mingled with his strength showed itself。                 He began by burning 

openly   the   books   of   Galen   and   Avicenna�察  �and   declared   that   all   the   old 

knowledge       was    useless。   Doctors      and   students   alike   must    begin   over 

again with him。        The dons were horrified。          To burn Galen and Avicenna 

was as bad as burning the Bible。           And more horrified still were they when 

Paracelsus   began   lecturing�察  �not   in   the   time´honoured   dog´Latin�察  �but   in 

good racy German�察�which everyone could understand。                       They shuddered 



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under their red gowns and hats。            If science was to be taught in German�察�

farewell     to  the   Galenists'    formulas�察   �and    their  lucrative    monopoly      of 

learning。     Paracelsus was bold enough to say that he wished to break up 

their   monopoly�察     �to   spread   a  popular     knowledge      of  medicine。      ;How 

much�察─�he wrote once�察 �would I endure and suffer�察�to see every man his 

own      shepherdhis      own    healer。;     He     laughed     to   scorn   their   long 

prescriptions�察�used the simplest drugs�察�and declared Nature�察�after all�察�to be 

the best physicianas a dog�察�he says�察�licks his wound well again without 

our help�察�or as the broken rib of the ox heals of its own accord。 

     Such a man was not to be endured。              They hated him�察�he says�察�for the 

same reason that they hated Luther�察�for the same reason that the Pharisees 

hated   Christ。     He   met   their   attacks   with   scorn�察  �rage�察  �and   language   as 

coarse   and   violent   as   their   own。   The   coarseness   and   violence   of   those 

days seem incredible to us now�察�and�察�indeed�察�Paracelsus�察�as he confessed 

himself�察�was�察�though of gentle blood�察�rough and unpolished�察�and utterly�察�as 

one   can   see   from   his   writings�察  �unable   to   give   and   take�察  �to   conciliate 

perhaps to pardon。         He looked impatiently on these men who were ��not 

unreasonably��   opposing   novelties   which   they   could   not   understand�察  �as 

enemies of God�察�who were balking him in his grand plan for regenerating 

science     and   alleviating    the   woes    of  humanity�察    �and   he   outraged    their 

prejudices instead of soothing them。 

     Soon   they   had   their   revenge。     Ugly   stories   were   whispered   about。 

Oporinus�察�the printer�察�who had lived with him for two years�察�and who left 

him�察�it is said�察�because he thought Paracelsus concealed from him unfairly 

the secret of making laudanum�察�told how Paracelsus was neither more nor 

less than a sot�察�who came drunk to his lectures�察�used to prime himself with 

wine before going to his patients�察�and sat all night in pothouses swilling 

with the boors。 

     Men looked coldly on himlonged to be rid of him。                   And they soon 

found   an   opportunity。      He   took   in   hand   some   Canon   of   the   city   from 

whom it was settled beforehand that he was to receive a hundred florins。 

The priest found himself cured so suddenly and easily that�察�by a strange 



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logic�察�he   refused   to   pay  the   money�察 �and   went to the   magistrates。            They 

supported him�察�and pelled Paracelsus to take six florins instead of the 

hundred。       He  spoke   his   mind   fiercely  to   them。      I   believe�察  �according   to 

one   story�察  �he   drew  his   long   sword on   the   Canon。       His best   friends   told 

him  he   must   leave   the   place�察  �and   within   two   years�察  �seemingly�察  �after   his 

first triumph at Basle�察�he fled from it a wanderer and a beggar。 

     The rest of his life is a blank。           He is said to have remenced his 

old wanderings about Europe�察�studying the diseases of every country�察�and 

writing his books�察�which were none of them published till after his death。 

His enemies joyfully trampled on the fallen man。                  He was a ;dull rustic�察�a 

monster�察�an atheist�察�a quack�察�a maker of gold�察�a magician。;                    When he was 

drunk�察�one Wetter�察�his  servant�察�told   Erastus ��one   of his   enemies�� that   he 

used to offer to call up legions of devils to prove his skill�察�while Wetter�察�in 

abject terror of his spells�察�entreated him to leave the fiends alonethat he 

had sent his book by a fiend to the spirit of Galen in hell�察�and challenged 

him to say which was the better system�察�his or Paracelsus'�察�and what not�拭�

     His   books   were   forbidden   to   be   printed。      He   himself   was   refused   a 

hearing�察�and it was not till after ten years of wandering that he found rest 

and protection in a little village of Carinthia。 

     Three   years   afterwards   he       died   in   the   hospital   of   St。   Sebastian   at 

Salzburg�察     �in   the  Tyrol。     His    death    was    the   signal   for   empirics     and 

visionaries   to   foist   on   the   public   book   after   book   on   occult   philosophy�察�

written in   his nameof   which   you   may  see   ten   folios   not   more   than   a 

quarter�察�I believe�察�genuine。         And these foolish books�察�as much as anything�察�

have helped to keep up the popular prejudice against one who�察�in spite of 

all his   faults   was   a  true   pioneer  of   science。  ��15��      I   believe   ��with   those 

moderns who have tried to do him justice�� that under all his verbiage and 

confusion   there   was   a   vein      of   sound    scientific�察  �experimental   mon 

sense。 

     When he talks of astronomy as necessary to be known by a physician�察�

it seems to me that he laughs at astrology�察�properly so called�察�that is�察�that 

the stars influence the character and destiny of man。 Mars�察�he says�察�did not 



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make Nero cruel。        There would have been long´ lived men in the world if 

Saturn had never ascended the skies�察�and Helen would have been a wanton�察�

though     Venus    had   never    been   created。    But   he  does    believe   that  the 

heavenly bodies�察�and the whole skies�察�have a physical influence on climate�察�

and on the health of men。 

     He   talks   of   alchemy�察  �but   he   means   by   it�察  �I   think�察  �only   that   sound 

science which we call chemistry�察�and at which he worked�察�wandering�察�he 

says�察�among mines and forges�察�as a practical metallurgist。 

     He    tells  uswhat    sounds    startling   enoughthat     magic    is  the  only 

preceptor which can teach the art of healing�察�but he means�察�it seems to me�察�

only an understanding of the invisible processes of nature�察�in which sense 

an electrician or a biologist�察�a Faraday or a Darwin�察�would be a magician�察�

and when he pares medical magic to the Cabalistic science�察�of which I 

spoke just now ��and in which he seems to have believed���察�he only means�察�I 

think�察�that as the Cabala discovers hidden meaning and virtues in the text 

of   Scripture�察  �so   ought   the   man   of   science   to   find   them   in   the   book   of 

nature。    But this kind of talk�察�wrapt up too in the most confused style�察�or 

rather no style at all�察�is quite enough to account for ignorant and envious 

people     accusing     him    of  magic�察   �saying    that   he   had   discovered     the 
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺