ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及34准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

monk�察�as teacher of mankind�察�and that scholars should form�察�for a while�察�a 

new   and   powerful   aristocracy�察  �limited   and   privileged�察  �and   all   the   more 

redoubtable�察  �because   its   power   lay   in   intellect�察  �and   had   been   won   by 

intellect alone。 

     Those who�察�whether poor or rich�察�did not fear the monk and priest�察�at 

least   feared   the   ;scholar�察─  �who   held�察  �so   the   vulgar   believed�察  �the  keys   of 

that magic lore by which the old necromancers had built cities like Rome�察�

and     worked     marvels     of   mechanical      and    chemical     skill�察 �which     the 

degenerate modern could never equal。 

     If the ;scholar; stopped in a town�察�his hostess probably begged of him 

a    charm     against    toothache     or   rheumatism。        The     penniless     knight 

discoursed with him on alchemy�察�and the chances of retrieving his fortune 

by the art of transmuting metals into gold。             The queen or bishop worried 

him in private about casting their nativities�察�and finding their fates among 

the stars。    But the statesman�察�who dealt with more practical matters�察�hired 



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him as an advocate and rhetorician�察�who could fight his master's enemies 

with   the   weapons   of   Demosthenes   and   Cicero。         Wherever   the   scholar's 

steps were turned�察�he might be master of others�察�as long as he was master 

of   himself。     The   plaints   which   he   so   often   uttered   concerning   the 

cruelty of fortune�察�the fickleness of princes and so forth�察�were probably no 

more just then than such plaints are now。                 Then�察�as now�察�he got his 

deserts�察  �and   the   world   bought   him   at   his   own   price。   If   he   chose   to   sell 

himself to this patron and to that�察�he was used and thrown away�此                      �if he 

chose to remain in honourable independence�察�he was courted and feared。 

     Among the successful scholars of the sixteenth century�察�none surely is 

more notable than George Buchanan。                 The poor Scotch widow's son�察�by 

force of native wit�察�and�察�as I think�察�by force of native worth�察�fights his way 

upward�察      �through    poverty     and    severest    persecution�察     �to  bee      the 

correspondent        and    friend   of   the   greatest    literary   celebrities    of  the 

Continent�察�parable�察�in their opinion�察�to the best Latin poets of antiquity�察�

the    preceptor     of   princes�察   �the  counsellor     and    spokesman       of   Scotch 

statesmen in the most dangerous of times�察�and leaves behind him political 

treatises�察�which have influenced not only the history of his own country�察�

but that of the civilised world。 

     Such a success could not be attained without making enemies�察�perhaps 

without   making   mistakes。        But   the   more   we   study   George   Buchanan's 

history�察  �the   less   we   shall   be   inclined   to   hunt   out   his   failings�察  �the   more 

inclined to admire his worth。          A shrewd�察�sound´hearted�察�affectionate man�察�

with a strong love of right and scorn of wrong�察�and a humour withal which 

saved himexcept on really great occasionsfrom bitterness�察�and helped 

him to laugh where narrower natures would have only snarled��he is�察�in 

many   respects�察  �a   type   of   those   Lowland   Scots�察  �who   long   preserved   his 

jokes�察   �genuine     or  reputed�察   �as   a  mon       household     book。    ��16��     A 

schoolmaster        by   profession�察   �and    struggling    for  long    years   amid    the 

temptations which�察�in those days�察�degraded his class into cruel and sordid 

pedants�察�he rose from the mere pedagogue to be�察�in the best sense of the 

word�察�a courtier�此         �One�察─�says Daniel Heinsius�察 �who seemed not only 



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born for a court�察�but born to amend it。               He brought to his queen that at 

which she could not wonder enough。                For�察�by affecting a certain liberty in 

censuring morals�察�he avoided all offence�察�under the cloak of   simplicity。; 

Of him and his peers�察�Turnebus�察�and Muretus�察�and their friend Andrea 

Govea�察�Ronsard�察�the French court poet�察�said that they had nothing of the 

pedagogue about them but the gown and cap。                   ;Austere in face�察�and rustic 

in   his   looks�察─  �says   David     Buchanan�察      �but   most    polished    in   style  and 

speech�察     �and    continually�察    �even    in   serious    conversation�察     �jesting    most 

wittily。;     ;Rough´hewn�察        �slovenly�察   �and    rude�察─    �says   Peacham�察      �in   his 

;pleat Gentleman�察─�speaking of him�察�probably�察�as he appeared in old 

age�察   �in   his   person�察  �behaviour�察  �and   fashion�察  �seldom   caring   for   a   better 

outside   than   a   rugge´gown   girt   close   about   him�此         �yet   his   inside   and 

conceipt in poesie was most rich�察�and his sweetness and facilitie in verse 

most excellent。;        A typical Lowland Scot�察�as I said just now�察�he seems to 

have absorbed all the best culture which France could afford him�察�without 

losing   the   strength�察  �honesty�察  �and   humour   which   he   inherited   from   his 

Stirlingshire kindred。 

     The story of his life is easily traced。             When an old man�察�he himself 

wrote   down   the   main   events   of   it�察  �at   the   request   of   his   friends�察  �and   his 

sketch has been filled out by mentators�察�if not always favourable�察�at 

least erudite。      Born in 1506�察�at the Moss�察�in Killearnwhere an obelisk to 

his   memory�察  �so   one   reads�察  �has   been   erected   in   this   centuryof   a   family 

;rather   ancient   than   rich�察─  �his   father   dead   in   the   prime   of   manhood�察  �his 

grandfather       a  spendthrift�察   �he   and   his  seven    brothers     and   sisters   were 

brought up by a widowed mother�察�Agnes Heriotof whom one wishes to 

know more�察�for the rule that great sons have great mothers probably holds 

good in her case。 George gave signs�察�while at the village school�察�of future 

scholarship�察�and when he was only fourteen�察�his uncle James sent him to 

the University of Paris。         Those were hard times�察�and the youths�察�or rather 

boys�察�who meant to bee scholars�察�had a cruel life of it�察�cast desperately 

out   on   the   wide   world   to   beg   and   starve�察  �either   into   self´restraint   and 

success�察  �or   into   ruin   of   body   and   soul。    And   a   cruel   life   George   had。 



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Within   two   years   he   was   down   in   a   severe   illness�察  �his   uncle   dead�察  �his 

supplies stopped�察�and the boy of sixteen got home�察�he does not tell how。 

Then he tried soldiering�察�and was with Albany's French Auxiliaries at the 

ineffectual attack on Wark Castle。             Marching back through deep snow�察�he 

got   a   fresh   illness�察  �which   kept   him  in   bed   all   winter。  Then   he   and   his 

brother were sent to St。 Andrews�察�where he got his B。A。 at nineteen。                        The 

next summer he went to France once more�察�and ;fell�察─�he says�察 �into the 

flames   of   the   Lutheran   sect�察  �which   was   then   spreading   far   and   wide。; 

Two years of penury followed�察�and then three years of school´mastering in 

the College of St。 Barbe�察�which he has immortalisedat least�察�for the few 

who care to read modern Latin poetryin his elegy on ;The Miseries of a 

Parisian Teacher   of   the   Humanities。;          The   wretched   regent´master�察  �pale 

and suffering�察�sits up all   night   preparing his   lecture�察�biting his nails   and 

thumping his desk�察�and   falls asleep   for a   few m
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺